Anklet
A Little Trivia: The Mbole peoples of the Southwestern Congo has long made elaborate mats and beautiful bracelets and anklets of brass and copper. The bracelets represent a store of wealth and traditionally are not used for everyday transactions, that was easily transported. Bracelets and anklets circulate infrequently, and so they accrue artistic as well as monetary value. To create these pieces, the artists pour molten metal into a cast dug into the ground, known as a "puddle mold." As the metal cools, it is wrapped into a circular shape and fitted for the owner's body. Today, these anklets are used as currency in areas of the equatorial forest.

Anklet Jewelry
Anklets are an important part of women's adornment in the Indian culture thaugh they have also been found in other ancient cultures of Egypt and Middle East. Anklets are a part of ornamentation of a and has great spiritual and social significance.Anklets

Bangle
There is a mixture of Indian and African cultures in the roots of the bangle. Indian women wore bangles as a symbol of marriage; African women have been wearing bangles for centuries as symbols of adornment.Throughout decades, artisans have improved the variety of these beautiful bangles, making them in silver and in gold.Keeping the same unique shape and design a major additional feature is the knobs of various fruits and animals representing all cultures and making them truly West Indian. Engravings on the body of the bangles make them more attractive.The silver is melted down and poured into slabs to get Sterling Silver, which is 92.5% pure. These slabs are then rolled and drawn in shapes then hammered and chiseled to get the designs.The bangles are made solid and flexible so that they are durable and will fit all wrist sizes. They are worn traditionally in pairs.Bangles are ornaments worn by women on their arms and wrists. They are usually circular in shape, and, unlike bracelets, are not flexible.Bangles are part of the traditional Indian jewelry. Indian bangles are usually worn in pairs, one or more on each arm, and single bangles are rarely sold. They are made of numerous precious as well as non-precious materials like gold, silver, platinum, glass, wood, ferrous metals, plastic, etc. Most Indian women prefer to wear either gold or glass bangles or both in combination. Though nowadays bangles made from plastic are slowly replacing those made by glass, the glass ones are still preffered for traditional functions like marriages and at festivals.Gold bangles are most popular with Indian women. They range from plain and simple to extremely artistic and intricate. They are often studded with precious and semi-precious stones like diamonds, gems and pearls.

Bead Jewelry
In North America, the use of beads and their manufacture was limited to a difficult production in gold, jade, bone, blue-green stone turquoise and hand polished shell beads. Thousands of years prior to European contact, geographical location determined the kinds of beads produced. Prehistoric Southwestern cultures traded turquoise throughout the western regions and into Mexico. Marine shells from the Florida coasts were traded north and made into beads in Illinois. They were distributed to the agricultural societies of the Mississippi, Ohio and Illinois River valleys about A.D. 1100.All types of raw materials were used for ornamentation and to decorate clothing in North America. Objects were crafted to serve a host of functions, both secular and sacred. Prior to European contact, the use of porcupine quills by most woodland and plains cultures was common. Dyed in various colours, quills were used on baskets, footwear and clothing. Other means of decoration on clothing came in the way of painting and animal fur arranged to create patterns.With the advent of European trade, the First Nations market opened with the advantage going to the Europeans. In Canada, French merchants supplied manufactured beads of such varied colours that they became the principle medium circulating to all the First Nations people along the St. Lawrence and Mississippi rivers.Later, the Hudson Bay Company added beads as part of their standard trading commodity. Over the course of 300 years, the Hudson Bay Company traded with trappers and middlemen, who in turn supplied the northwest frontier with beads.Through the fur trade, glass beads had a significant effect on First Nation life. The availability of these small beads, along with the introduction of trade cloth and steel needles led to the decline of age-old decorative techniques, including quillwork. Beadwork rose to become the predominant craft.While some beadworkers followed traditional motifs from quillwork patterns, many others recreated themselves by incorporating their own ideas into European designs. This blend of European designs and materials became particularly successful on the plains in about 1860. Many plains groups created beaded adornment for themselves and their horses. First Nations cultures developed in ways that reflected their natural environment.

Belly Chains
Belly Chains are often use to ad glamour. It is Considered as a modern day Jewelry.For the last dozen or more years headbands have been the main stay of my business. This spring a new and relatively simple product matched it's performance. The Waist chain is an idea who's time has come.Today's casual chic styles that show the midriff make the belly chain the perfect fashion accessory.

Body Jewelry
Most people consider Body Jewelry as a hip way of fashion.
And can be defined in many different aspects, and types. lot of jewelries and accessories are now used as body jewelry and can also be used in many different occasions.Body piercing has been around for some 4000 years and has played an integral role in culture and ritual among many different societies. Throughout history, piercings have been identified with nobility and worn to advertise status, strength, and virility. Recently, body piercings have been associated with gangs, rock stars, or other groups of people who use piercings has a way to show loyalty to their group. Piercings are also popular among individuals who enjoy body jewelry for aesthetic reasons or take pleasure in the process of body modification.The earliest known mummified remains of a human that was pierced is over 5,000 years old. This worthy gentleman had his ears pierced with larger-gauge plugs in his ears, so plugs may be one of the oldest forms of body modification there is! We also know that the Egyptians loved to adorn themselves elaborately, and even restricted certain types of body piercings to the royal family. In fact, only pharaoh himself could have his navel pierced. Any one else who tried to get a belly button ring could be executed. (Tell that to Britney Spears!) Almost every well-to-do Egyptian wore earrings, though, to display their wealth and accent their beauty. Elaborate enameled and gold earrings frequently portrayed items in nature such as lotus blossoms.Body piercing are also mentioned in the Bible. In the Old Testament it’s obvious that body jewelry is considered a mark of beauty and wealth, especially for Bedouin and nomadic tribes. In many cases, body jewelry was given as a bridal gift or as part of a dowry. It is clear that piercing was a sign of status and attractiveness in Biblical times.Body piercing has peaked in popularity. Now is a great time to join in the fun!

Bracelets
A band of cloth or leather or metal links attached to a wristwatch and wrapped around the wrist jewelry worn around the wrist for decoration.A bracelet is an article of clothing or jewelry which is worn around the wrist. Bracelets can be manufactured from cloth or metal, and sometimes contain rocks, wood, and/or shells. Bracelets are also used for medical and identification purposes, such as allergy bracelets and hospital tags. In the late 1980s, "snap bracelets" -- felt-covered metal bracelets that curved around one's wrist when gently hit against it -- were a popular fad.The recent use of colored silicone rubber as a material for producing sports bracelets was popularized by Nike and Lance Armstrong through the Yellow Livestrong band. Its success has led to the use of these 'awareness' bracelets as low cost tools for information campaigns and charity projects. These sports bracelets are also known otherwise as 'baller id bands', 'wristbands' or 'baller bands'.The in-line thin diamond bracelet that features a symmetrical pattern of diamonds is called a tennis bracelet. According to Diamond Bug, in 1987 Chris Evert, the former World No. 1 woman tennis player and the winner of 18 Grand Slam singles titles, was playing in the U.S. Open. She was wearing an elegant, light in-line diamond bracelet, which accidentally broke and the match was interrupted to allow Chris to recover her precious diamonds. The 'tennis bracelet' incident sparked a new name for the item and sparked a huge jewelry trend. Tennis bracelets continued to be worn by various tennis stars like Serena Williams and Gabriela Sabatini.Although the term 'armlet' may be technically similar, it is taken to mean an item that sits on the upper arm. The origin of the term 'bracelet' is from the Latin 'brachile' meaning 'of the arm', via the Old French 'barcel'.
Taken in the plural, bracelets is often use as slang for handcuffs.

Brooche
Brooche are often worn as pin. This give an accent to a plaine type of clothing. Women may have used Brooches to add glamour to their clothes, can also be worn as jewelry.Brooche may have different kinds, some may have been made by silvers, gold, platinum some may even be copper, it also varies in diefferent styles. Some may have been mixed with crystals such as emeralds, onyx.It may also be cheap or can be very expensive depending of the contents that made up the brooche.Early women wore brooches, this may also indicate their status in life, and how wealthy they are. From the past brooches may have been an indicator of wealth, but in the modern life, it became one of the accessories and jewels worn by women. And up to now, sorts of different beautiful styles are emerging in the market to satisfy the every one's eyes.

Chokers
Necklace that fits tightly around a woman's neck, Chockers are another type of necklaces.Plains Indian beadwork is most famous, with its intricate peyote jewelry and bone hairpipe chokers, but there are beadwork traditions throughout North America, from the wampum jewelry of the eastern Indians to the shell and turquoise heishi necklaces of the southwestern Indians, from the floral beadwork of the northern Indians to the dentalium strands of the west coast Indians, and everything in between. Beads were a common trade item since ancient times, so it wasn't surprising to see quahog wampum from the east coast in Great Lakes beadwork or abalone shells from the west coast in Cherokee jewelry, even before the Europeans arrived and forced everyone onto reservations near each other.

Earrings
Western Asia in about 3000 B.C. From the beginning, there were two main types of earrings: the simple hoop, and the more elaborate pendant. The oldest earrings ever unearthed by archaeologists date to about 2,500 B.C. and were discovered in Iraq (of all places) at the royal graves of Ur.Hoop earrings of gold, silver, and bronze have also been found in ancient graves in Crete, dating to about 2000 B.C. Although burying jewels along with the dead was customary at the time, the everyday use of earrings has been well documented, too, thanks to enduring images on coins, vase paintings, and terra-cotta figures.During the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt (1559 B.C. to 1085 B.C.), so-called earplugs came into fashion. This type of earring had a groove cut into it, which would fit snuggly inside a widely stretched hole in the earlobe. Such "piercings" are evident in the sculpture of King Tutankhamen, at left, who ruled from 1361 B.C. to 1352 B.C. In the Dark Ages, from roughly 1100 B.C. to 800 B.C., poverty prevailed and works in precious metals were sharply curtailed. Some goldsmiths continued working throughout the Dark Ages, however, preserving designs that would later be reintroduced in Greece around the 7th century B.C.One popular type of pendant earring to emerge in Greece in the 2nd century B.C. featured a bird (usually a peacock, dove, or swan) made from glass paste. Also common during this time were pendants displaying likenesses of the gods Eros and Nike.During the Roman Empire, earrings became a favored way of wealthy women to show off their riches and, in the 2nd century A.D., gemstones — including sapphires, emeralds, topazes, and aquamarines — became much more frequently used in jewelry making.During the long Byzantine period, from about 330 A.D. to 1200 A.D., fashionable women often forsook earrings in favor of rather garish ornaments that covered the sides of the face — as did the Empress Theodora, pictured at right.In the Middle Ages, from around 1200 A.D. to 1500 A.D., the wearing of earrings was practically smothered (literally!) by the styles adopted in hair and dress. Along with elaborate hairdos and headdresses, high-collared outfits rendered earrings largely impractical. Throughout the Middle Ages and subsequent Renaissance, respectable married women were, in fact, expected to keep their heads covered while in public. Appearing otherwise was considered immoral.Things started to loosen up a bit, though, in Italy in the 16th century. Earrings began making a comeback of sorts in the 1530s, due, in large part, to a significant change in women's hairstyles. Women began wear their hair swept up and away from the face, leaving the ears exposed. In Spain, England, and France, however, extremely high collars kept earrings out of fashion for another 100 years or so.By the middle of the 17th century, though, earrings had become an essential component of the well-dressed woman's attire all across Europe.Earring design became increasingly complex in the 17th century and, around 1660, the popular girandole earring made its first appearance (girandoles would remain a favorite for the next couple of centuries). These exceedingly large earrings featured a surmount with three pear-shaped drops, usually with the largest one in the center, suspended from a hook. Due to the substantial amount of gold or silver, as well as the numerous gemstones, that went into girandoles, they were inordinately heavy and took a toll on the wearer's ears. In fact, despite efforts to add special ribbons to girandoles that could be wrapped around the ears or attached to the hair in order to relieve some of the weight, many girandole enthusiasts eventually suffered from elongated earlobes.One such victim was England's Queen Victoria who, although she ruled in the 19th century, was partial to wearing the girandole earrings of her grandmother, Queen Charlotte. After a lifetime of lugging around such weighty, jewel-encrusted earrings, Victoria's earlobes were noticeably distended by her later years.

Queen Victoria
(At this point we should probably note that, of course, not all earring wearers from generations past were royalty or fabulously wealthy. It just appears this way because most of the historical documentation available today descends directly from the moneyed set. The reasons for this are simple: the rich were the only ones who could afford extravagant pieces of jewelry, and, likewise, afford to have their portraits painted. Anyway, rest assured, many so-called "commoners" wore earrings, too. Their earrings, admittedly, tended to be more of the costume-jewelry variety — that is, replicas rather than actual gold and diamonds — but the styles were modeled after the more expensive versions.)

Hair Jewelry
So many beautiful beautiful pieces have been designed as jewelry for the hair. Many can now be seen in museums. Combs are a universal item and can be found in all parts of the world, each having developed their own particular style and use of materials.The earliest combs were of bone, ivory, and wood. Silver, brass, and tin were also used. As time went on tortoise shell and horn became increasingly more common materials used in combs. These were common materials for combs in the early to mid nineteenth century. An advantage of both tortoise shell and horn was that they could be made soft and moldable by heating. As they cooled, they would harden and retain their new shape.Often the material used is one found only in that particular locality. An unfortunate example of this is the Chinese Kingfisher. The Kingfisher bird had beautiful turquoise to blue feathers. They were incorporated into many of the designs for combs there and were used nearly to the point of the birds extinction!In Africa combs, the woods used in a particular region will often help to identify where and when the comb was made. As one collects combs they become familiar with different materials, designs, trademarks, etc. that aid in identifying the combs' origin.As of now many forms and different types of accessories are made for the hair. All sorts of different types and from different types of materials such as gold, silver, mixed wtih precious gems etc.

Jewelry
In the ancient world gold was the preferred metal for making jewellery. It was rare, did not tarnish and best of all it was malleable, so it could be worked fairly easily. Magnificent bracelets, pendants, necklaces, rings, armlets, earrings, diadems, head ornaments, pectoral ornaments and collars of gold were all produced in ancient Egypt, the land of the Pharaohs.Excavations by Howard Carter in 1922 led to the great discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb and many gold funerary artefacts, all showing the art work of ancient Egypt.In ancient Greece, beads shaped as natural forms like shells, flowers and beetles were manufactured on a large scale. Beautiful and delicate necklaces and earrings were found in burial sites in Northern Greece. By 300 BC the Greeks were making multi coloured jewellery and used emeralds, garnets, amethysts and pearls. They also used coloured stones, glass and enamel. Carved cameos of Indian Sardonyx (a striped brown pink and cream agate stone) along with filigree gold work were widely made. Beads were made by joining two flat pieces of gold and filling them with sand.Eight centuries BC the Italian Etruscans in the Tuscany region produced granulated textured gold work. They made large fibulae or clasps, necklaces, bracelets and earrings. They also made pendants that were hollow and could be filled with perfume. The Italians are still renowned for high quality stylish trend making gold work today.In coinage the Romans used 18 and 24 carat gold. Being fairly easily available the coinage was the craftsman's raw material for decorative jewel work. 2000 years ago the Romans were using sapphires from Sri Lanka, cloudy emeralds, garnets, amber and Indian diamond crystals. When England was under Roman rule, fossilized wood called jet from the North of England was carved into interesting pieces.Jewels have always been used as love tokens and whilst many pieces were fine gems and precious metals, good fake jewellery intended to deceive existed. True gemstones and pearls originated from the east and were bought chiefly by the Italians. The Italian merchants then sold the goods on in Europe. Good glass imitations were often used and sometimes with intent as in royal funerary robes and children's jewellery.Flawless, round, natural, large white pearls were prized more than precious gemstones. The finest of pearls were provided by South India and the Persian Gulf. The Italians, particularly the Venetians and people from Murano, could make imitation glass gems and pearls that were very good likenesses of the real jewels. Recipes for false pearls existed in 1300 when white powdered glass mixed with albumen (egg white) and snail slime, produced beads that were used as imitation pearls.

Lariats
In the old days we used to tie a string of lariats from house to barn so as to make it from shelter to responsibility and back again. With personal, family, and cultural chores to do, I think we had better rig up such a line between past and present.In 1950 appeared a book that changed the way people thought about the Old West, that made it possible to see once again a variety of genres and a richness of expression in western literature, and that viewed Turner's frontier hypothesis as itself a product of the myth of the garden. Henry Nash Smith's Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth examined the western experience with the then-new American Studies approach and showed that dime novels and "Wild West" novels played an important part in American attitudes about the West, for men believed the myth even in the face of opposing facts. But in his chapter on "The Agricultural West in Literature," Smith also traced the steps by which the conservative social bias evident in Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales gave way to the equalitarian creed expressed in the stories of Hamlin Garland. "It had at last become possible to deal with the Western farmer in literature as a human being instead of seeing him through a veil of literary convention, class prejudice, or social theory" (p. 290).A decade after the publication of Virgin Land, studies of western American literature began to appear in increasing numbers. By 1982, Richard W. Etulain, choosing selectively, listed more than five thousand items in A Bibliographical Guide to the Study of Western American Literature (University of Nebraska Press). Etulain also surveyed scholarship from the time of Turner in "The American Literary West and Its Interpreters: The Rise of a New Historiography" (in The Western: A Collecton of Critical Essays [1979], edited by James K. Folsom). By turning to Martin Bucco' S "The Development of Western Literary Criticism," one can see how the new historiography fits into the overall development of western studies. These studies suggest that there is much to learn from our predecessors' encounters with the West. Wallace Stegner has rightly warned, however, of the tendency to seek the Old West as an escape from the new. In a widely quoted passage from "History, Myth, and the Western Writer" (in The Sound of Mountain Water), Stegner offers an analogy which shows that the western past must be explored for what it can reveal about the present.

Necklace
Necklaces, handsome and richly ornamented, were a principal part of the dress, both of men and women, among the ancient Egyptians; and some idea of the number of jewels they wore (remarks Sir G. Wilkinson) may be formed from those borrowed by the Israelites at the time of the Exodus, and by the paintings of Thebes. They consisted of gold or of beads, of various qualities and shapes, disposed according to fancy and enriched with jewels.Necklaces of gold thickly set with gems were worn by the Greeks and Romans of both sexes. There was a famous necklace of the most costly precious stones upon the statue of Vesta in Rome, to whose vengeance Zosimus attributes the tragic end of Serena, Stilicho's widow, who had despoiled her of it. By the command of Honorius she was strangled.The necklace taken from the neck of the Hindoo King Jaipal, captured by Mahmud (A.D. 1001) was composed of large pearls, rubies, etc., and was valued at two hundred thousand dinars, or a good deal more than a hundred thousand pounds.Homer mentions a necklace curiously wrought of gold interwined with amber, which Eurymachus presented to Penelope.Chaucer, in the "Romaunt of the Rose," says of the necklace, or chevesaile as it was termed in French:--"About her necke of gentle entaile,Was set the riche chevesaile,In which there was full great plentyOf stones fair and clear to see."The dress of a lady in 1485, that of Isabella Cheyne, in Blickling Church, Norfolk, shows a necklace formed of pendant jewels exceedingly massive and splendid.In the reigns of Henry VII. and Henry VIII. the necklace frequently assumed the form of a jewelled collar, with a central pendant. Anna Boleyn wore a simple row of pearls with a large one suspended from the centre. In the reign of Elizabeth it was not uncommon to wear several necklaces, and to allow them to hang to the waist where they were looped to the girdle. A portrait of the Countess of Bedford, in the same reign, exhibits that lady in a most magnificent one of lozenge-shaped groups of jewels hanging round her shoulders, and gathered in a festoon at her breast, from whence it hangs in an elegant loop to the waist. The Earl of Leicester, in the fifteenth year of Elizabeth's reign, presented her with a rich carcanet or collar of gold, enriched with emeralds, rubies, and diamonds. Anne of Denmark, wife of James I., wears several round her neck, as well as a large band of four rows of pearls, descending like a baldrick from the right shoulder to the waist on the left side.

Pendant
A pendant (from Old French) is a hanging object, generally attached to a necklace or an earring. The use of pendants has several purposes; ornamentation is only one of them; pendants are also used for identification (i.e. religious symbols, sexual symbols, symbols of rock bands), protection (i.e. amulets, religious symbols), self-affirmation (i.e. initials, names), ostentation (i.e. jewels). Of course these purposes can be combined (i.e. a richly jewelled symbol).A cable pendant is one of a series of cables that is horizontally suspended across a flight deck of aircraft carriers for aircraft to land by catching with tailhook.

Pin
The pin was not known in England till towards the middle or the latter end of the reign of Henry VIII; the ladies until then using ribbon, loops, skewers made of wood, of brass, silver or gold. At first, the pin was so ill made that in the 34th year of the King parliament enacted that none should be sold unless they be "double-headed, and have the headdes soundered faste to the shanke of the pynne", etc. But this interference had such an influence on the manufacture that the public could obtain no supply until the obnoxious act was repealed. On referring to the statute-book, the act of repeal, which passed in the 37th year of the same reign, containing the following clauses, which tend to show how cautious the legislature ought to be not to interfere with any manufactory which they do not perfectly understand. The act of repeal, having recited the former act, it then goes on to say: "At which tyme the pynners playnly promised to serve the Kynge's liege people wel and sufficiently, and at a reasonable price. And forasmuch sens the makyng of the saide act, there hath been scarcitee of pynnes within this realme that the Kynge's liege people have not ben wel nor completely served of such pynnes nor ar like to be served, nor the pynners of this realme (as it doeth nowe manifestly appere) be hable to serve the people of this realme accordyng to their saied promise. In consideracion whereof it maie please the Kynge, etc. tat it maie be adjudged and demed from hensforth frustrated and nihilitated and to be repealed for ever" - Stat. Henriei Octavi, XXXVII, cap. 13. The consumption of the whole nation was, in 1863, estimated at twenty millions of pins per day.

Ring
Wearing the ring on the fourth finger of the left hand is due to the belief of the ancients that a vein of that finger ran directly to the heart, and that the nuptial sign was thus joined to the seat of life. The fact that the soft metal is less worn or injured on the finger of that hand may have much to do with it. It is said, however, that the ring originally worn among the Anglo-Normans on the right hand of the bride was changed to the left, or inferior hand, in token of subjection. The particular finger is also said to be favored from an old custom of placing the ring on the first finger in the name of the Father, on the second in the name of the Son, and on the third in the name of the Holy Ghost. This usage probably grew up at the time of the Arian controversy.One of the earliest and prettiest forms of betrothing-rings was the gemmal ring, once used by the Anglo-Saxons, and probably derived from the French or Normans. It was of two or three links, fastened on a hinge, and joining in one ring. Sometimes, when the two flat sides and the central ribbon joined, there were male and females hands to clasp at the union. A heart above these signified love, fidelity, union. At betrothal, the man and woman were often actually linked by a finger in each end of the three-hooped chain, and then, severing them, each kept the part held, and the witness the third, until all became the property of the bride of marriage. A gemmal ring of nine interlaced loops still exists. These often had posy verses upon the flat inner surface.Fictitious rings of rushes were once used in England to delude girls into a mock marriage. A bishop of Salisbury, in 1217, put a stop to the sport by declaring the rush-ring contract legal. An old writer says: "Well, 'twas a good worlde, when such simplicitie was used, sayes the old women of our time; when a ring of a rush would tie as much love as a gimmon of golde."In Iceland, the betrothal and the marriage were both confirmed by money, and the ring seemed little needed in evidence where value received for the maiden was supposed to be paid in cash. It was used there, however; but could hardly be called a finger-ring, being variously formed of bone, jet, stone, gold and silver, and sometimes it was so wide as to allow the palm of the hand to be passed through it. In the solemnization of betrothal, the bridegroom passed four fingers and his palm through one of these rings, and in this manner he received the hand of his bride.

Watch
In 1577, Jost Burgi invented the minute hand. Burgi's invention was part of a clock made for Tycho Brahe, an astronomer who needed an accurate clock for his stargazing.In 1656, the pendulum was invented by Christian Huygens, making clocks more accurate.In 1504, the first portable (but not very accurate) timepiece was invented in Nuremberg, Germany by Peter Henlein. The first reported person to actually wear a watch on the wrist was the French mathematician and philosopher, Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). With a piece of string, he attached his pocket watch to his wrist.The word 'clock' comes from the French word "cloche" meaning bell. The Latin for bell is glocio, the Saxon is clugga and the German is glocke.Sir Sanford Fleming invented standard time in 1878.An early prototype of the alarm clock was invented by the Greeks around 250 BC. The Greeks built a water clock where the raising waters would both keep time and eventually hit a mechanical bird that triggered an alarming whistle. The first mechanical alarm clock was invented by Levi Hutchins of Concord, New Hampshire, in 1787. However, the ringing bell alarm on his clock could ring only at 4 am. On October 24, 1876 a mechanical wind-up alarm clock that could be set for any time was patented (#183,725) by Seth E Thomas.Swiss John Harwood invented the self-winding watch in 1923.

Engagement Ring
A ring worn by a woman on her left-hand ring finger indicating her engagement to be married. By modern convention, the ring is usually presented as a betrothal gift by a man to his prospective bride while or directly after she accepts his marriage proposal. It represents a formal agreement to chastity and a future marriage.

Class Ring
A ring worn by students and alumni to commemorate their graduation, generally for a high school, college, or university. These rings are common in the United States.

Wedding Ring
Consists of a precious metal ring, usually worn on the base of the left ring finger – the fourth finger (with the thumb counted as the first finger) of the left hand. Such a ring symbolizes marriage: a spouse wears it to indicate a marital commitment to fidelity. The European custom of wearing such a ring has spread widely beyond Europe.